Boylan notes
* 634 - 644 = time of Arab expansion (Islam remained a chiefly Arab religion)
o After they went into North Africa many non Arab people converted
* Many ppl saw Islam as a well organized life
* Way of life did not conflict w/ Muslim teachings (culture remained diverse)
o Also Muslims tolerated Jews and Christians (more diverse)
Political Divisions in the Islamic Empire:
* Umayyads = strong military leaders
* Muslim territories became dissatisfied w/ Umayyad rule
* Non Arabs = angry b/c …
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…Turks:
The Seljuk Turks
* 1055 the Seljuk Turks conquer Baghdad
* Seljuk leaders called themselves sultans (took over political power)
* Abbasid caliphs became religious leaders
* They defeat Byzantine forces, Byzantines call on Christians for help (prompting crusades)
* Both empires weakened by crusades
The Mongols
* 1258 Asian Warier led by Hulagu (grandson of Genehis Khan), took Baghdad disposed of the Abbasid and ended Seljuk rule
* stopped in Egypt by Islamic forces in 1260
The Ottoman Turks
* Osman ruled from 1290 - 1326
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