English Criticism: Brief descriptions of certain critics and their theories (university level).

MARXISM Marx and Engels; View of the individual in: The German Ideology: In the text 'The German Ideology', Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels reject the notion of identity. Instead declaring that nothing can be regarded in static isolation or exist independently, as everything must be viewed in its relations with class, economic structure, ideology and history. Implying that to discuss 'the worker' is thus to speak about the employer, about social classes and their conflicts, …

…experience. In addition they seek to understand the universe by using scientific methods, logical reasoning, and empirical evidence in order to obtain reliable knowledge. They strive for moderate, achievable, even worldly aims, rather than revering asceticism. Moreover humanists affirm that human beings have the freedom to give meaning, value, and purpose to their lives by their own independent thought, free inquiry, and responsible, creative activity. Reason, balance and a proper dignity for man are central.